M A SUDHEER BABU, PATTAMBI
Despite occasional spells of rain, rising summer temperatures are posing a serious threat to agriculture across Kerala, with coconut farming among the most affected. Water levels in wells, streams, and rivers are steadily declining, raising concerns about irrigation and crop sustainability.
Agricultural experts warn that neglecting coconut palms during the summer months could lead to long-term damage. A lack of proper irrigation now may significantly reduce coconut yield in the coming years. Farmers are already witnessing issues such as reduced flowering, premature shedding of young nuts, and poor fruit set.
For newly planted coconut saplings, consistent watering is crucial. During the first two years, each sapling should receive around 45 liters of water once every four days in summer. Providing shade is also recommended to prevent heat stress.
In mature coconut plantations, soil moisture conservation techniques can play a vital role. Methods such as soil mounding and basin formation help retain water. Burying coconut husks in trenches around the trees is another effective way to improve moisture retention and combat drought conditions.
Mulching with organic materials like coconut leaves, husk, and farm waste can significantly reduce evaporation and improve soil health. Experts suggest digging trenches about 2 to 2.5 meters away from the base of the tree, with a width of half to three-fourths of a meter and a depth of about half a meter, and filling them with organic matter. This practice not only conserves water but also enhances soil fertility.
Additionally, placing coconut husks in circular trenches around the tree, with the concave side facing upwards, can help store water efficiently. The benefits of this method can last for five to seven years. Applying about 25 kilograms of coconut pith annually is also recommended to boost yield.
Additionally, placing coconut husks in circular trenches around the tree, with the concave side facing upwards, can help store water efficiently. The benefits of this method can last for five to seven years. Applying about 25 kilograms of coconut pith annually is also recommended to boost yield.
Green manuring and cover cropping are also encouraged. Planting crops such as sunhemp, daincha, calapogonium, mimosa, and stylosanthes can improve soil fertility and moisture retention. These can be sown during the early summer rains (April–May) and incorporated into the soil by August–September.
Experts emphasize that timely and simple interventions during summer can protect coconut palms from heat stress and ensure better yields in the future.
